How Pumps Work

From a page at CLR Marine, How Pumps Work

	How the Centrifugal Pump Works a) Liquid enters the inlet port of the pump through gravity or priming and is directed towards the center of the impeller. b) The Rotating impeller uses centrifugal force to add velocity to the liquid as it is slung off the edges of the blades into the volute casing. c) The volute configuration converts the velocity energy into static pressure or available pump head as the liquid leaves the discharge port.
	The Features of the Centrifugal Pump High Volume Flow, Centrifugal pumps deliver a high volume of flow with smooth non-pulsating delivery. They are Low Maintenance due to the wear on them is minimal and they are easy to disassemble and have few moving parts. The Centrifugal pump has a Low Power Consumption and is the most efficient pump for moving large volumes of liquid.
	How the Diaphragm Pump Works a) As the piston diaphragm is pulled away from the housing, the cavity increases in size. This creates a vacuum that draws in the liquid through the one way inlet valve. b) As the diaphragm is pushed toward the housing, the cavity decreases in size which forces the liquid out through the one way outlet valve.
	Features of the Diaphragm Pump are that it is Dry Running it can run indefinitely without damage. The Diaphragm pump is Self-Priming and can lift up to 15 feet under ideal conditions. The Diaphragm Pump is also Self-Adjusting air operated diaphragm pumps automatically adjust their speed as viscosityfluctuates.
	How the Flexible Impeller Pump Works a) As the flexible impeller blades leave the cam, the cavities between them increase in size and create a vacuum which draws in the liquid. b) Once the blades clear the inlet port, the liquid is captured in the cavity between the blades and the housing. c) As the blades contact the cam and bend , the cavity between them is reduced in size and the liquid is forced out the discharge.
	Feature of the Flexible Impeller Pump is that it is Self Priming it quickly primes from a dry start or a wet start and will lift up to 15 feet when wet. It has Low Shear and Batching as a smooth gentle pumping action for liquids of low to high viscosity.
	How the Plunger Pump Works a) As the crankshaft (1) rotates, the connecting rod (2) pulls back the plunger (3) from the liquid chamber (4) within the manifold which increases the chambers size. this creates a vacuum that draws in liquid through the inlet valve (5). b) As the crankshaft's rotation continues, the connecting rod (2) pushes the plunger (3) toward the liquid chamber (4) reducing the chambers size. This forces the liquid out of the discharge valve (6).
	Features of the Plunger Pump High Pressure creates pressures up to 15,000 psi can be achieved. Clean Liquids close fitting components require clean non-abrasive liquids. Durability the ceramic plungers and the oil filled crankcase ensures a long operating life.
	How the External Gear Pump Works a) As the gears separate on the inlet side of the pump, cavities are created between the gear teeth which create a vacuum that draws in the liquid. b) Once the teeth clear the inlet port, the liquid is captured between the gear teeth and the housing. c) As the teeth mesh, the liquid is squeezed out of the cavity and forced out the discharge port.
	Features of the External Gear Pump. Metering, thin to viscous liquids can be dispensed in a smooth repeatable flow. High Pressure up to 500 psi can be achieved with a low to high viscosity liquids. Clean Liquids close fitting gears require clean non-abrasive liquids.
	How the Vane Pump Works a) Centrifugal force (and or springs) keeps the blades in contact with the housing as each blade leaves the upper eccentric area. Liquid is drawn in as the size of the cavity between the blades and housing increases during the rotary motion. b) Once the blades clear the inlet port, the liquid is captured in the cavity between the blades and the housing. c) As the blades contact the eccentric portion of the housing and are pushed back into their slot, the cavity between the is reduced in size which forces the liquid out the discharge.
	Features of the Vane Pump Self_Priming lifts liquids up to 3 feet with higher lifts possible with some models. Low to Medium Viscosity thin to medium viscosities are easily handled. Simplicity with few moving parts to fail or replace.
	How the Lobe Pump Works a) The motion of the counter rotating rotors create a partial vacuum which draws the liquid smoothly into the pump chamber. b) As the rotors revolve, liquid is captured between the rotor cavities and the outer housing. c) The liquid is forced out the discharge as the rotors mesh and eliminate the cavities the liquid occupies.
	Features of the Lobe Pump Efficient Improved efficiency and sterilizability over the traditional lobe pump design. Longer sealing surfaces ensure high volumeetric efficiencies with thin liquids. Solids Handling gentle low shear solids and abrasive handling. Wide Viscosity Range from 1 to 1,000,000 centipoise.
	How the Air Operated Diaphragm Pump Works a) Compressed air powers the piston (1) moving it right to enlarge cavity "a". This action draws in liquid through the check valve (2). b) While the piston (1) enlarges cavity "a" it compresses cavity "b" forcing liquid out the one way check valve (3) toward the discharge. c) Once the piston (1) has fully extended, it is redirected (by compressed air) to compress chamber "a" (forcing liquid out) and enlarging chamber "b" (drawing liquid in). d) Once the piston (1) has fully extended to the left the cycle repeats as compressed air redirects the piston (1) back to the right.
	Features of the Air Operated Diaphragm Pump Dry Running this pump can run dry indefinitely with out damage. Dead Head this pump will simply stall and will not be damaged when the discharge is blocked. Self-Priming this pump can lift up to 20 feet under ideal conditions.
	How the Roller Pump Works a) Centrifugal force slings each roller out against the housing as each roller leaves the upper eccentric area. Liquid is drawn in as the size of the cavity between the rollers and the housing increase during this rotary motion. b) Once the rollers clear the inlet port the liquid is captured in the cavity between the rollers. c) As the rollers contact the eccentric portion of the housingand are pushed back into their slot, the cavity between the rollers is reduced in size which forces the liquid out the discharge.
	Features of the Roller Pump Abrasive Handling the roller design allows the handling of powders in suspension. High Pressure up to 300 psi can be achieved. Simplicity with few moving parts to fail or replace.
	How the Peristaltic Pump Works a) As the rollers compress the hose and move away from the inlet a vacuum is created drawing in the liquid. b) The rollers work together to capture liquid between the pinched areas of the tube and move the liquid toward the discharge. c) The front roller leaves the hose, opening the captured area while the back roller pushes the liquid out of the discharge.
	Features of the Peristaltic Pump No Liquid Contact liquid comes in contact only with the hose utilized within the pump. Self-Priming can lift up to 25 feet. Viscous and Abrasive Liquids designed to handle viscous, corrosive, abrasive and high purity solutions.
	How the Progressing Cavity Pump Works a) Liquid is drawn into the suction of the pump as the corkscrew shaped rotor revolves within the rubber stator. b) Liquid is captured in the cavity between the rotor and stator. This cavity travels toward the discharge during rotation. c) The cavity opens into the discharge chamber and delivers its contents as it reduces in size. Liquid is forced out the discharge as more liquid is delivered by continued rotation.
	Features of the Progressing Cavity Pump Abrasive Handling rotor and stator design allows handling of abrasive and or viscous liquids. Low Shear smooth gentle pumping action enables the pumping of shear sensitive and solid en-trained liquids. High Pressure up to 600 psi can be achieved with low to high viscosity liquids.
	How the Regenerative Turbine Pump Works a) Liquid enters the suction port (a) and is pushed forward by the blades of the impeller (b) in an orderly circular flow around the periphery of the housing. b) The circular liquid flow in the side channels (c)occur many times during one revolution resulting in 10 times or more discharge pressure than from similar diameter impeller turning the same speed in a centrifugal pump.
	Features of the Regenerative Turbine Pump High Head with Low Flow produces high head at low flow without damaging pump components. Continuous Duty designed to run 24 hours a day 7 days a week. Compact more compact than multistage centrifugal's that deliver the same flow and head. Entrained Air Handling up to 20%.

See all Fluid Transfer Pump Manufacturers at CLR Marine